作者：鄭(zheng)會(hui)霞、趙(zhao)早（均系河(he)南(nan)(nan)省中國特(te)色(se)社會(hui)主義理論體(ti)系研(yan)究中心研(yan)究員，分(fen)別系中共河(he)南(nan)(nan)省委黨校(xiao)教授(shou)、副教授(shou)）
黨的二十大報(bao)告(gao)明(ming)確(que)提出要加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國(guo)(guo)，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化發展指明(ming)了(le)方(fang)向和目(mu)標。中國(guo)(guo)是傳(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大國(guo)(guo)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕(geng)(geng)文明(ming)悠久厚重(zhong)、影響深遠；中國(guo)(guo)也(ye)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)源(yuan)與人口大國(guo)(guo)，生態資(zi)源(yuan)豐富，但人均資(zi)源(yuan)卻相對短(duan)缺(que)。中國(guo)(guo)建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國(guo)(guo)不能簡(jian)單照搬國(guo)(guo)外農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化發展模式，而要根據(ju)具(ju)體國(guo)(guo)情，聚焦人多地(di)少的資(zi)源(yuan)稟賦、農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕(geng)(geng)文明(ming)的歷(li)史(shi)底(di)蘊、人與自(zi)然(ran)和諧(xie)共生的時代要求，科(ke)學謀(mou)劃、循序漸(jian)進、因地(di)制宜、穩扎穩打，在中國(guo)(guo)式現代化進程中探索開辟具(ju)有中國(guo)(guo)特(te)色的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國(guo)(guo)之路(lu)。
1.加快建設農業強國是推進中國式現代化的必然選擇
強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)必先強(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)(nong)，農(nong)(nong)強(qiang)(qiang)方(fang)能國(guo)強(qiang)(qiang)。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，為(wei)人類社會的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展提供最基(ji)(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)生產生活(huo)資料，是(shi)(shi)我們(men)賴(lai)以(yi)生存和發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎，滿(man)足人民(min)美(mei)好生活(huo)需(xu)要、實現高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展、夯實國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全基(ji)(ji)礎，都離不開農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展。在近代以(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)很長時間(jian)里，無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)東方(fang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)西方(fang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)都是(shi)(shi)孕育文(wen)明的(de)(de)母體。即使到了今(jin)天，社會分工和文(wen)明進步已經到了較高(gao)水平，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)仍(reng)發(fa)(fa)揮著最基(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)作用，其地(di)位不可替(ti)代。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)是(shi)(shi)社會主義現代化(hua)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)的(de)(de)根(gen)基(ji)(ji)。無(wu)論社會現代化(hua)程度有(you)多(duo)高(gao)，14億(yi)多(duo)人口的(de)(de)糧食和重要農(nong)(nong)產品穩(wen)定供給始終(zhong)是(shi)(shi)頭等(deng)大事。
我國(guo)(guo)社會(hui)主義現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)的經驗表(biao)明，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)興則百(bai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)興。沒有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的積累和支(zhi)持，就沒有中國(guo)(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的發展；沒有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)，國(guo)(guo)家現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)也就失去(qu)了(le)基礎(chu)。習近平(ping)總書記強調，沒有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)(guo)就沒有整(zheng)個(ge)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)；沒有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)，社會(hui)主義現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)就是不全面(mian)的。必(bi)須把加快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)(guo)擺(bai)上建(jian)設(she)社會(hui)主義現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)的重要位置。建(jian)設(she)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)(guo)，基本要求是實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)。在(zai)推進中國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)中，只有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強起來，糧(liang)食(shi)安全有完全保障，我們穩(wen)大局(ju)、應(ying)變(bian)局(ju)、開(kai)新(xin)局(ju)才有充足底氣和戰略主動(dong)。
進入(ru)新發(fa)展階段(duan)，面(mian)對我(wo)國(guo)仍(reng)處(chu)(chu)于并將長期處(chu)(chu)于社(she)會主義(yi)初級階段(duan)的基本(ben)(ben)國(guo)情，面(mian)對城鄉二元結構沒有根本(ben)(ben)改(gai)變、城鄉發(fa)展差(cha)距不斷(duan)拉大趨勢沒有根本(ben)(ben)扭轉(zhuan)的歷史和(he)現實，以及面(mian)對中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大而(er)不強、多而(er)不優的發(fa)展現狀(zhuang)，唯有錨定(ding)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)建設農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國(guo)目(mu)標，保持戰略(lve)定(ding)力(li)、久久為功，加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)制(zhi)定(ding)建設農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國(guo)規劃(hua)，針對未來5年、2035年、本(ben)(ben)世紀中(zhong)葉(xie)的目(mu)標，分別制(zhi)定(ding)路線圖和(he)施工圖，強化規劃(hua)的法規效力(li)，加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)補齊(qi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化發(fa)展的短板，才能(neng)為開啟全面(mian)建設社(she)會主義(yi)現代化國(guo)家新征程提(ti)供有力(li)保障。
同(tong)時，我們也要(yao)(yao)(yao)清醒認識到，建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)是一項(xiang)長(chang)期而艱巨的(de)歷史任務(wu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)階段扎(zha)實(shi)穩步推進(jin)，以釘釘子精神鍥而不舍(she)干下去(qu)。當前要(yao)(yao)(yao)把重點放(fang)在全面(mian)推進(jin)鄉村(cun)振興上，多做打基礎、利(li)長(chang)遠的(de)事情(qing)。各地要(yao)(yao)(yao)立足資源(yuan)稟(bing)賦和發(fa)展(zhan)階段，發(fa)揮自(zi)身優勢，服務(wu)大(da)局需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，從本地農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)發(fa)展(zhan)最迫切、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)反(fan)映最強(qiang)烈的(de)實(shi)際問(wen)題入(ru)手(shou)，充分(fen)調動農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)群眾的(de)積極性(xing)、主動性(xing)、創(chuang)造性(xing)，大(da)力推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)代化(hua)，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)面(mian)貌得到顯著改善，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生活水平大(da)幅提(ti)高。
2.農業強國建設的基本要求
農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)是一(yi)個(ge)動態(tai)的(de)比較(jiao)概念(nian)。如果一(yi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合生產能力、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭力或農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)優勢部門現代化水平位居世界前列并(bing)能夠(gou)引領世界農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展，則可(ke)以稱之為農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)從農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大國(guo)(guo)轉(zhuan)變為農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)，既要(yao)遵(zun)循農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現代化的(de)一(yi)般規律，又要(yao)同(tong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)情農(nong)情相結合，堅守(shou)自己的(de)基本要(yao)求。
堅(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)。建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)要(yao)堅(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”工作(zuo)原則不動搖。中(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)科學擘(bo)畫中(zhong)國(guo)式現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)宏偉藍圖，把(ba)握(wo)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略方向，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)改革發(fa)展提(ti)(ti)供了堅(jian)強(qiang)(qiang)保障。只有堅(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)，才能使之(zhi)沿著社會主義現代化方向發(fa)展。黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十八大(da)以來，我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)始終高度重視加強(qiang)(qiang)黨(dang)(dang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)，把(ba)實(shi)施(shi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰略擺在優(you)先位置，不斷(duan)健全黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)(wei)統(tong)一領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)、政府負(fu)責、黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)部(bu)門統(tong)籌協調的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)體制，落實(shi)省市縣(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)五級(ji)書記抓鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)要(yao)求，逐(zhu)步(bu)完善黨(dang)(dang)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織體系(xi)、制度體系(xi)、工作(zuo)機(ji)制。當前，加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)要(yao)進(jin)一步(bu)發(fa)揮好各級(ji)黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)(zu)牽頭抓總、統(tong)籌協調作(zuo)用，進(jin)一步(bu)健全村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)織領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)級(ji)組(zu)(zu)織體系(xi)，凝聚各方力量，形成齊抓共管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)合力，提(ti)(ti)高新時代黨(dang)(dang)全面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力和水平，以更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力度、更(geng)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舉措推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現代化快速發(fa)展，為加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)提(ti)(ti)供堅(jian)強(qiang)(qiang)政治(zhi)保證。
堅持走適度規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之路(lu)。人(ren)多地少(shao)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)分(fen)(fen)散(san)承包(bao)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是中國(guo)的國(guo)情(qing)，決(jue)定了中國(guo)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代(dai)化既不可能在(zai)短期內(nei)通過流轉(zhuan)土地實現大規模(mo)集中經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，也不可能走一些發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)家(jia)高(gao)投(tou)入(ru)高(gao)成本(ben)、家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)戶(hu)設(she)施裝備小(xiao)而全(quan)的路(lu)子。建設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)要充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮以家(jia)庭承包(bao)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)為基礎(chu)、統分(fen)(fen)結合的雙層經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)制的優勢，走適度規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之路(lu)。一方面(mian)，積(ji)極(ji)培育(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)壯(zhuang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民合作社、家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場等各類新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)。另一方面(mian)，構建新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)與(yu)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)之間的利益(yi)聯結機(ji)制，將(jiang)現代(dai)生(sheng)產要素有(you)效導入(ru)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)生(sheng)產，幫助小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)解決(jue)一家(jia)一戶(hu)干不了、干不好的事情(qing)。這種(zhong)適度規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，既能夠有(you)效解決(jue)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)生(sheng)產存在(zai)的效率效益(yi)低下、與(yu)市場對(dui)接能力較弱、科技推廣難度大等問題，又符合我國(guo)人(ren)均(jun)耕地少(shao)、地區(qu)差異較大、土地資(zi)源分(fen)(fen)布(bu)不均(jun)衡等實際情(qing)況，有(you)效促進小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)與(yu)現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的有(you)機(ji)銜(xian)接。
立足人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)。我國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)資(zi)源總量較(jiao)大，但人(ren)均占有量低，資(zi)源約(yue)束明(ming)顯。加快建設農(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國，要堅決摒(bing)棄無止境地向(xiang)(xiang)自(zi)然(ran)索(suo)取甚至破壞自(zi)然(ran)的(de)發展觀，著力避免走“先污染(ran)、后(hou)治理”的(de)發展老(lao)路，牢固樹立和(he)踐行綠(lv)(lv)水(shui)青山(shan)就是金(jin)山(shan)銀(yin)山(shan)的(de)理念，以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)優(you)先、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發展為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)(xiang)，堅定不移(yi)走人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)現代化發展之(zhi)路。站在人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)高度，謀(mou)劃農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發展道(dao)路，守住綠(lv)(lv)水(shui)青山(shan)，讓(rang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、低碳(tan)鄉(xiang)村成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中國現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村的(de)鮮明(ming)底(di)色(se)(se)。同時(shi)，深化生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護補償(chang)制(zhi)度改革(ge)，推動生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產(chan)品價值實現，讓(rang)農(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)優(you)勢變(bian)成(cheng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)效益和(he)農(nong)民收入，走生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)良性循(xun)環的(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國之(zhi)路。
同(tong)(tong)步推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)共同(tong)(tong)富裕(yu)。實現全體人民(min)共同(tong)(tong)富裕(yu)是中國(guo)式現代化的(de)(de)本(ben)質要(yao)求(qiu)之一。當(dang)前(qian)，促(cu)進共同(tong)(tong)富裕(yu)最艱(jian)巨(ju)最繁(fan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)任務依然在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)，加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)必須把提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入、促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)共同(tong)(tong)富裕(yu)擺在突出(chu)位置。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)不(bu)僅意(yi)味著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)，還(huan)要(yao)求(qiu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)美、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)富，因(yin)此，需要(yao)我們強(qiang)化以工補農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)、以城(cheng)帶鄉(xiang)(xiang)，推(tui)動形成工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)互促(cu)、城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)互補、協調(diao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、共同(tong)(tong)繁(fan)榮的(de)(de)新型工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)系，堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)優先(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，堅持城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，暢通城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)素流動，以此破解城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)平(ping)衡、不(bu)充分的(de)(de)難題，實現城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)共同(tong)(tong)富裕(yu)。此外，與以資(zi)本(ben)逐(zhu)利為主導的(de)(de)傳統資(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模式不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，具有中國(guo)特色的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)建設要(yao)求(qiu)在現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過程中，著(zhu)力推(tui)動城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)在要(yao)素配(pei)(pei)置、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、安全標準、公(gong)共服務、生態保護等(deng)方面相互融(rong)合和協同(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，促(cu)進城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素平(ping)等(deng)交(jiao)換、雙向自由流動和公(gong)共資(zi)源合理配(pei)(pei)置，逐(zhu)步縮小城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)差距和居民(min)生活水平(ping)差距。
傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承弘(hong)揚中(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文化。農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文化是中(zhong)國(guo)鄉(xiang)村(cun)社(she)會留存的(de)獨特文化，具(ju)有重大的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承發(fa)展價(jia)值。中(zhong)國(guo)自古以農(nong)(nong)(nong)立(li)國(guo)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文化在漫(man)長的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經濟社(she)會里不斷演(yan)變(bian)發(fa)展，深(shen)刻影響著中(zhong)華(hua)民族的(de)歷(li)史進(jin)程，時至(zhi)今日仍滲透在中(zhong)國(guo)鄉(xiang)村(cun)社(she)會生活的(de)方方面(mian)面(mian)。加快(kuai)建設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)強國(guo)，要在鄉(xiang)風文明建設(she)中(zhong)弘(hong)揚中(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文化，進(jin)一步(bu)挖掘傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文化中(zhong)蘊含的(de)優秀成(cheng)分(fen)，使其成(cheng)為(wei)塑造新時代家風和新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)民精神世界(jie)的(de)有益元素(su)，為(wei)鄉(xiang)村(cun)全面(mian)振興提供豐厚(hou)的(de)精神文化滋養。
3.扎實推進農業強國建設
全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)位夯實(shi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)根(gen)基，牢(lao)牢(lao)掌控“糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)”主動權(quan)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)和(he)重要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品穩(wen)定安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)給是建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國的(de)頭等大(da)(da)事。黨(dang)的(de)二(er)十(shi)大(da)(da)報告明確提出要(yao)“全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)位夯實(shi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)根(gen)基”，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)了(le)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，首(shou)先，把(ba)關(guan)系14億(yi)多人吃(chi)飯大(da)(da)事的(de)耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護好(hao)，絕不(bu)能有(you)閃失(shi)。要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)防死(si)守(shou)18億(yi)畝耕(geng)地(di)紅(hong)線，采取長牙齒的(de)硬措施(shi)，落實(shi)最嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)的(de)耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護制(zhi)(zhi)度。其次，著力(li)改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田設施(shi)條件，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)標準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田建設。配套建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田水利(li)排灌、溫(wen)室大(da)(da)棚等設施(shi)，提高(gao)水土資源利(li)用效率(lv)。實(shi)施(shi)黑土地(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護工程，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)面源污染治理，提升耕(geng)地(di)質量(liang)。再次，堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)自立自強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。從培育好(hao)種子做起，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)良(liang)種技(ji)(ji)術(shu)攻(gong)關(guan)，靠中國種子來保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障中國糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。最后，調(diao)動種糧(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)抓糧(liang)(liang)(liang)兩(liang)個(ge)積極(ji)性(xing)。通過穩(wen)定和(he)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)種糧(liang)(liang)(liang)補貼(tie)、完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品最低(di)收購價政策、推進(jin)(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)作物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險試(shi)點以及(ji)落實(shi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)主產區(qu)利(li)益補償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)、產糧(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)縣(xian)支持獎勵等一(yi)系列政策措施(shi)，讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民種糧(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)錢賺，讓(rang)主產區(qu)抓糧(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)吃(chi)虧。
全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)深化(hua)改革，提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)質量效(xiao)益和(he)競爭力(li)(li)。提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭力(li)(li)是(shi)建設農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)的(de)核心(xin)。加快(kuai)(kuai)建設農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)必須適(shi)應新(xin)時代新(xin)要求(qiu)，加快(kuai)(kuai)轉變農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方式，加快(kuai)(kuai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)步伐(fa)，走出一條(tiao)集約、高效(xiao)、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)、持續(xu)的(de)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)道(dao)路。首先，在鞏固(gu)完善農(nong)(nong)村基(ji)本經(jing)營(ying)(ying)制度基(ji)礎上，進一步深化(hua)農(nong)(nong)村土(tu)地(di)(di)制度改革，保持承(cheng)包關系穩定并長久(jiu)不(bu)變，釋放土(tu)地(di)(di)“三(san)權分置”制度效(xiao)應，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)多(duo)種形式適(shi)度規(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)(ying)。在此基(ji)礎上，持續(xu)探索適(shi)合中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情的(de)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)系，既堅持家庭生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)基(ji)礎性地(di)(di)位(wei)、保護小農(nong)(nong)戶利益，又(you)積極培育新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)，扶持壯大(da)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)聯農(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)實(shi)現強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)富農(nong)(nong)。其次(ci)，將縣域(yu)(yu)作為推動農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現代化(hua)的(de)主(zhu)陣地(di)(di)，在縣域(yu)(yu)內推動人才(cai)、土(tu)地(di)(di)、資本等(deng)要素(su)在城鄉(xiang)間雙向流動和(he)平等(deng)交換，實(shi)現城鄉(xiang)融合發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，激(ji)活(huo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)內在活(huo)力(li)(li)。最后(hou)，加快(kuai)(kuai)推動農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)應用(yong)數字化(hua)技(ji)術，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)智慧型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，強(qiang)化(hua)科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)賦能農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)要素(su)的(de)能力(li)(li)，提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞動生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)、土(tu)地(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出率(lv)及(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工具智能化(hua)水平，大(da)幅提升我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)國(guo)(guo)際競爭力(li)(li)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領域(yu)(yu)核心(xin)技(ji)術掌控力(li)(li)。
堅持(chi)綠(lv)水青山(shan)(shan)就(jiu)是金山(shan)(shan)銀山(shan)(shan)，提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展能力。綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化的(de)重(zhong)要方式(shi)，也是建設(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)的(de)主要內容。建設(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)，要重(zhong)視(shi)對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)環境的(de)保護及有效(xiao)(xiao)利用(yong)，從制約農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展的(de)重(zhong)要領(ling)域和(he)關鍵環節入手，探索(suo)重(zhong)金屬污染(ran)耕(geng)地治理(li)(li)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面源(yuan)(yuan)污染(ran)治理(li)(li)等有效(xiao)(xiao)支持(chi)政策，推進化肥農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥減量增效(xiao)(xiao)、循(xun)環利用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)廢棄物。加(jia)(jia)快調整(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)，積極發(fa)展循(xun)環農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)畜禽(qin)養(yang)殖，培育綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)，強化農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質量安全監管，增加(jia)(jia)綠(lv)色(se)優(you)質農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)供給，提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)產品(pin)價值。積極開展農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保護修復(fu)，推動產業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)化與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化融合(he)發(fa)展，將農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)轉化成生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資(zi)產，將生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)效(xiao)(xiao)益轉化為經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益和(he)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益，讓良好生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境真正成為農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)最(zui)大優(you)勢和(he)寶貴財富。
完善具有中國特(te)色的(de)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支持(chi)保護政(zheng)策。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國建設離(li)不開(kai)政(zheng)府(fu)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)支持(chi)保護，這也是世界各(ge)國推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)選擇。我國已(yi)(yi)經形成(cheng)以保障(zhang)糧食安全(quan)、促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)收為主(zhu)(zhu)要目(mu)標(biao)，由(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)直接補(bu)貼(tie)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)支持(chi)、價(jia)格(ge)支持(chi)等各(ge)類支出組(zu)成(cheng)，涵蓋農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)前(qian)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)中、產(chan)(chan)(chan)后各(ge)個環節的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支持(chi)保護政(zheng)策體系(xi)。當前(qian)，我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已(yi)(yi)步(bu)入由(you)傳統農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)(xiang)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)跨(kua)越的(de)關鍵時期，加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國，要求進一步(bu)完善惠及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)體制機(ji)制和政(zheng)策體系(xi)，以政(zheng)府(fu)行為為導向(xiang)(xiang)，堅(jian)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)優先發(fa)(fa)展，引導社(she)會資(zi)本投向(xiang)(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)；同(tong)(tong)時，創(chuang)(chuang)新體制機(ji)制，使市(shi)(shi)場在資(zi)源配置中起決定性作(zuo)用，更好發(fa)(fa)揮政(zheng)府(fu)作(zuo)用，并充分發(fa)(fa)揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體作(zuo)用，全(quan)面調動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)積極性、主(zhu)(zhu)動性和創(chuang)(chuang)造性，使政(zheng)府(fu)、市(shi)(shi)場和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)協(xie)同(tong)(tong)互補(bu)形成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)展合力(li)，強化(hua)具有中國特(te)色的(de)多元化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支持(chi)保護體系(xi)建設，為加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國提供堅(jian)實保障(zhang)。
《光明日報》（2023年(nian)11月(yue)07日 06版(ban)）
